GRADE II* ❖ Norman origins, C14 work, rebuilt C15, restored 1872. An attractive church both outside and in. Visited by DEH on 6 Oct 1911 on one of his early dial expeditions from Downside Abbey. Roughly halfway between Wells and Shepton Mallet. 51.199 / -2.6094 / ST575446
DIAL
DEH recorded a single dial on W corner of S aisle. He noted a 2.5 inch deep gnomon hole, and commented ‘…this dial is cut on soft red sandstone and has all 12 hour lines… many of them probably added to the original design’. More than 100 years later, only 9 are legible.
GSS Category: Scratch Dial; Mass Dial; Dial erosion
In the late C19, the first series of collectable themed cards were devised in America to encourage trade. The idea caught on, and these early examples of product placement gradually spread. Sportsmen (Cricketers), Nature, Actors, Military and Important People, were among the topics. By the turn of the century, British companies had taken up the challenge.
In 1924, Sundials became a novelty theme. The Phillip Morris Tobacco Company produced a set of 25 cards with the name Measurement of Time, the subject of this post. In the same year an astonishing set of 50 cards Ancient Sundials was produced by Fry’s (Chocolate) – see HERE. In 1928 a set of 25 cards Old Sundials by W.D. & H.O. Wills returned to the tobacco theme – see HERE
Besides covering a large number of dials from all parts of Britain, the obverse of the cards had a sundial-and-product motto or a pithy ditty. The collectors’ pages below show the front and the backs separately. Please note that you will have to read the text sides in reverse order to match the description to the correct dial.
Note: the 2 header images compensate for the 2 very poor photos (10, 11) that caught some glare.
NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY: Explore the Cigarette Card Collection HERE
The British Sundial Society (BSS) has recently (2025) featured an excellent 5-page article by Martin Jenkins in the quarterly BSS Bulletin Vol. 37(iv) December 2025. It contains fascinating analyses of the dials including accuracy. A joy to read for any serious diallist!
GSS Category: Sundial cards; Sundial Art; Sundials in Commerce; Sundial picture sets; Composed mottos; Sundials in advertising.
GRADE II* ❖ C13 – C15; C19 restoration (some by T H Wyatt). Quite large, with nave, chancel, north and south porches, south vestry, west tower. Predominantly Perp. Busy history and plenty to look at, approval by PEV. 10m N of Castle Cary; 16m S of Shepton Mallet 51.124 / -2.4854 / ST661361
DIALS
There are 3 dials (one unrecorded?). W of the porch, low down on a relocated quoin stone, there are 2 interesting near-overlapping dials cut on W face. This is a good example of ‘dials ancient and modern’: a small early dial – simple and rustic – superseded by a later dial cut with attention to detail. The 3rd dial is on the buttress E of the porch.
DEH visited the church on 16 October 1913 . By now he was using a camera to photograph selected dials, including Lamyatt. The quality of his images is surprisingly good. He also used a motorcycle to extend the scope of his researches from Downside Abbey. More about this extraordinary monk in due course.
Note: single ‘t’ Lamyatt; plugged gnomon hole, now invisible
DIALS 1 and 2
DEH visited the church on 16 October 1913 and recorded dials 1 & 2.
DIAL 1. This small dial has 3 radials emerging from a now undetectable gnomon hole in the corner of the mortar line ULQ. The deeper cut and crudely bent line RHS suggests that the main canonical hour for observance was Nones. In due course a replacement dial was called for.
DIAL 2
DIAL 2. On the same quoin stone, also W-facing, a later and far more practical dial was cut. 4 radials the same length fan out from a gnomon hole in the mortar line (the original plug?). These are arranged within a minor arc, and scale up both in width and depth LHS to RHS. The overall effect indicates competence and care by the maker.
The radials each end in a dot (one is barely detectable). The line spacing of the dial in its original position arrangement is a puzzle. In a literal way, noon would be exactly between lines 2 and 3, as sometimes found on other churches.
DIAL 3
On the buttress E of porch, at head height, a dial with 2 long lines descending from a mortar line that has a hint of a gnomon hole. It seems to be in its original position. Presumably the vertical mortar line – now a crack – acted as the noon line dividing the 2 radials from the smaller quoin stone.
The dial is mounted on the north range of Old Court just above ground floor window level, to the right of staircase D, and declines about 4° west of south. It was designed by Frank King and made by the Cardozo Kindersley workshops in Cambridge. It has Babylonian and Italian hour-lines (showing hours since sunrise and since the previous sunset). The hours are read from the shadow of the brass nodus ball (this type of dial does not require a polar-directed gnomon). Across the top section of the dial, above the winter solstice curve, is a rising sun with the inscription ’ΚΑΙΡΟΝ ΓΝΩΘΙ’ (Know the time). Across the lower part, below the summer solstice, is inscribed ’Collegio suo / lactarius Eboracensis / me dono dedit’ (To his college the Yorkshire dairyman gave me as a gift). Around the rim of the dial are inscribed ’Babylonian hours since sunrise’ and ’Italian hours since sunset’. Ref: BSS Bulletin 22(iii), Sept 2010, pp 2-8, and 22(iv), Dec 2010, pp 9-11.
The use of the Greek motto reflects strong historical links between the College and Ely Cathedral, where the motto is also used. My recent piece on the Cathedral can be seen HERE.
For further details about the Selwyn Dial, see THE SELWYN DIAL – article by the maker Frank King BSS (7pp, detailed analysis) 2010, rich with knowledge.
GSS Category: Scratch Dial; Mass Dial; Re-sited Dial; Dial facing W
The Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Ely
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This project does not generally cover in detail the actual buildings on or near which dials are to be found. My header photo of the ethereal Octagon of the Cathedral will have to stand for the wonder of it all. The focus here is on the excellent vertical dial, high up and very legible, on the south-facing wall of the South Transept.
The earliest reference suggests that the original dial dates from 1690 when a Mr Rider was paid £10 for making it. The fine dial we see today was installed in 1963, replacing an old dial (not necessarily the original).
The new dial is worthy of the magnificent cathedral that it adorns. The radials are interspersed with half-hour marker crosses (possibly fleurs de lys). The roman numerals are arranged from 7 to 9 LHS; 10 to 2 along the base; 3 angled at the corner RHQ; and 4 (IIII) to 6 RHS. The signs of the Zodiac are painted on both sides of the dial, in a configuration that I don’t quite understand. The gnomon is a long slim metal rod emerging from a sun-blaze of 16 flames, supported by 2 similar rods.
MOTTO
ΚΑΙΡΟΝ ΓΝΩΘΙ
The meaning is variously given as Know the Season; Know the Time; Choose a Timely Moment; or a similar exhortation. The motto seems to be rare: found on a dial at Selwyn College Cambridge and at a University Library in Pennsylvania but I can’t find other locations.
Keith Salvesen / RH
Cultivate truth, good faith, experience, cleverness, sociability, and industry
The rather imprecise motto meanings can be traced to the era of Delphic aphorisms c500 BC. Some adorned Temples, and familiar to us are Know thyself, Nothing in excess and Give a pledge and trouble is at hand. My favourite (which I already observe) is Whatever you rebuke your neighbour for, do not do it yourself.
GRADE II* ❖ Original church built C12; rebuilt 1790; restorations 1860s. 5 bells, of which one cast in Bristol c1380 (PEV). Delightfully situated beyond a large farmyard (in adverse weather a visitor might wish they had brought wellies). 6m SE of Shepton Mallet. 51.1383 / -2.4807 / ST664377
DIAL
One of DEH’s early finds, in June 1912, as his researches spread out from Downside Abbey. He describes the dial as easily found, and ‘curious’. And so it is. I’d welcome any wise views on this unusual configuration.
‘There appears to be little doubt but that this arrangement of five holes is really a dial. While no other has been found exactly like it, it shows a family likeness to those on the churches of Seavington St Mary and Whitelackington’.
But each of these just has a single large style-hole, as opposed to the array at Milton.
Seavington St MaryWhitelackington
ROTATION
Occasionally it helps to rotate a dial image to check correct orientation. Not here though.
GSS Category: Scratch dial; Mass Dial; Repositioned dial; Dial interpretation; DEH – early research
GRADE 1 ❖ Early C12, nave & chancel arch c1120; font late C12; C15 tower and alterations. Overall of considerable interest. Clear evidence of the church’s early state. Fine scratch dials either side of the doorway. Good for graffiti hunters (check the timbers in the bell tower). 5m S of central Cambridge. 52.1492 / 0.0973 / TL435521
DIALS
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DIAL 1
An ‘unusually large’ Canonical or Anglo-Saxon dial (Brooks / Stanier). A semi-circle with 6 radials descending from the horizontal line. The ‘last’ radial is endearingly wonky compared with the rest, as if a casual afterthought. The gnomon hole is quite large and deep, but that could have happened at any stage in the dial’s history. Repair / restoration work doesn’t impinge on the dial, though the dial stone has been reshaped at some time.
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DIAL 2
This companion dial is very similar, though with less detail visible. One distinction is that there are 2 adjacent radials LLQ that are deeply cut by comparison with the rest. This is a ‘morning’ dial – the canonical ‘terce’ / 9am – indicating the main time for observance for the community.
The puzzle here is that there are 2 near-identical dials in close proximity, for the same purpose. Plenty of ‘dial churches’ have more than one. A primitive early dial might later be replaced by a more sophisticated one, but it is rare to find an almost-matching pair. A C13 sexton might cut a dial on the same wall or buttress as a C12 dial, but he’d make his own mark for posterity.
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BSS RECORDS
There’s a more modern mystery involving the records of the British Sundial Society. 20-30 years ago, small-res photos were taken of both dials. This was for the general record rather than for detailed analysis. Even allowing for small cameras of the era, the comparison with the photos above is startling .
GSS Category: Scratch Dial; Mass Dial; Medieval Church; Medieval Graffiti
A large double-faceted dial high up on the SW buttress of the Church, above Trumpington Street. The faces are angled due S; and SW. They are easy to read despite the height, and appear to be in excellent condition. Comparing my recent photos with one from 2000, it looked as though the dial must have been repaired / repainted / refreshed since then. BSS confirms that the dial was recently re-gilded at August 2014.
Brooks and Stanier note that the present dial replaces a much earlier dial (date and position unknown) that was ‘designed by a Mr Butterfield and repainted in 1614 at a cost of 18 pence’.
South Face showing gnomon stay (B&W for clarity)
GSS Category: Cambridge Sundial; University Sundial; Double facet dial;
King’s College is one of the best-known Cambridge colleges, not least because of its pre-eminent choral music tradition. This fine dial is on the right side of the Chapel porch. The hour lines and numerals are painted in black directly onto the stone. The gnomon emerges through a golden sunburst, matched by two gold heraldic lions in the lower corners. The dial itself dates to 1733 (BSS) and the inscription J.C. 1578 on the face is a mystery: no specific association has been matched to it.
RESTORATION
As I researched this dial it soon became clear that it had undergone considerable recent restoration. The Brookes / Stanier booklet (L) was published c2000, with this illustration. The BSS entry (R) was made in 2007, and the dial’s condition seems to have worsened. At some stage I hope to find out more.
UT HORA SIC FUGIT VITA
The black-letter motto translates as ‘Life flies away like an hour‘ or an equivalent sentiment. There are a number of Latin variations of this rather gloomy prognostication.
King’s has a second short dial – the SORELY dial – close to the Chapel. I will add a link once I have written it up.
GSS Category: Vertical Dial; University Dial; Sundial Motto
All photos: Keith Salvesen; BSS; Brooks / Stanier ‘Cambridge Sundials’
GRADE 1 ❖ C14, C15, restored 1825 by Jesse Gane of Evercreech; further in 1843; late C19 work. Very tall 3-stage ‘Mendip-type’ tower, visible from some distance. Worthwhile interior. Town prosperity partly from silk and enhanced by railway in 1862 – axed by Beeching in 1966 despite intervention by John Betjeman. 51.1463 / -2.5026 / ST649386
UPDATE: Yesterday I wrote dismissively of the St Peter’s dial, based on camera photos. Now that I have seen my iPhone photos (almost always the best option for close-up shots but I had nearly run out of battery) I have changed my tune a bit…
DIAL
Emphatically not vaux le voyage, and included here mainly because in 1913 DEH counted it as a dial [85] when compiling his exhaustive record of Somerset scratch dials. On SE buttress of the tower he found a ‘quite clear’ circle with a shallow style hole, but without any lines. He put the design in his Doubtful category.
Keith Salvesen
100 + years since the record was made, the circle has eroded away and the hole is not shallow. I had decided to demote this to the not-a-dial category. However, looked at closely and at an angle, it appears that what was once DEH’s ‘shallow hole’ has more recently been neatly drilled deeper into the stone (in fact, a dial would now be workable using a rod or stick). So I conclude that there is evidence of dialishness, though doubtful.
Keith Salvesen
GSS Category: Scratch Dial; Somerset Scratch Dial; Dom Ethelbert Horne
Credits: photos and research – Keith Salvesen (Nov 2025)
GAUDIUM SUB SOLE . SUNDIALS . MEDIEVAL TO MODERN 